Load Frequency Control of Single-Area Power System with PI–PD Controller Design for Performance Improvement

• Published in: Journal of electrical engineering & technology 2023, 18(4), , pp.2633-2648
• Main Authors: Güler, Yavuz, Kaya, Ibrahim
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Electrical Engineering; Electrical Machines and Networks; Electronics and Microelectronics; Engineering; Instrumentation; Original Article; Power Electronics; 전기공학
• ISSN: 1975-0102; 2093-7423
• DOI: 10.1007/s42835-022-01371-1

Load frequency control (LFC) is an important control problem as it determines the quality of power generation by controlling the system frequency and inter-area tie-line power. To maintain a good quality power supply, LFC must be robust against unknown external disturbances and parameter variations of the power system. Therefore, this paper presents the design of PI–PD controllers, which are robust against parameter changes and have good disturbance suppression capability, for load frequency control of a single-area single- or multi-source power system. PI–PD controller parameters were obtained by applying the weighted geometric center method to the stability boundary locus of the closed-loop control system. The approach was applied to both the inner and outer loops of the PI–PD control system structure, sequentially. Performance and robustness of the proposed PI–PD control system are evaluated using some well-known integral error criteria values, settling time, and peak value (overshoot) in the analysis of the power system with both nominal values and ± 50% changes in the system parameters. The simulation results show that the designed PI–PD controller effectively limits the effect of load disturbance and variations in system parameters.