Beneficial Effects of Low-Grade Mitochondrial Stress on Metabolic Diseases and Aging

Mitochondria function as platforms for bioenergetics, nutrient metabolism, intracellular signaling, innate immunity regulators, and modulators of stem cell activity. Thus, the decline in mitochondrial functions causes or correlates with diabetes mellitus and many aging-related diseases. Upon stress...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Yonsei medical journal 2024, 65(2), , pp.55-69
Main Authors: Min, Se Hee, Kang, Gil Myoung, Park, Jae Woo, Kim, Min-Seon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Animals
Exercise - physiology
Health Promotion
Humans
Mammals
Metabolic Diseases
Mitochondria - metabolism
Oxidative Stress
Review
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Summary:Mitochondria function as platforms for bioenergetics, nutrient metabolism, intracellular signaling, innate immunity regulators, and modulators of stem cell activity. Thus, the decline in mitochondrial functions causes or correlates with diabetes mellitus and many aging-related diseases. Upon stress or damage, the mitochondria elicit a series of adaptive responses to overcome stress and restore their structural integrity and functional homeostasis. These adaptive responses to low-level or transient mitochondrial stress promote health and resilience to upcoming stress. Beneficial effects of low-grade mitochondrial stress, termed mitohormesis, have been observed in various organisms, including mammals. Accumulated evidence indicates that treatments boosting mitohormesis have therapeutic potential in various human diseases accompanied by mitochondrial stress. Here, we review multiple cellular signaling pathways and interorgan communication mechanisms through which mitochondrial stress leads to advantageous outcomes. We also discuss the relevance of mitohormesis in obesity, diabetes, metabolic liver disease, aging, and exercise.
ISSN:0513-5796
1976-2437
1976-2437
DOI:10.3349/ymj.2023.0131