Off-design performance evaluation of multistage axial gas turbines for a closed Brayton cycle of sodium-cooled fast reactor

• Published in: Nuclear engineering and technology 2023, 55(7), , pp.2697-2711
• Main Authors: Choi, Jae Hyun, Yoon, Jung, Chung, Sungkun, Kim, Namhyeong, Jo, HangJin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Computational fluid dynamics; Gas turbine design; Off-design performance; Reduced flow rate; Reduced rotational speed; Stage loading coefficient; 원자력공학
• ISSN: 1738-5733; 2234-358X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2023.04.016

In this study, the validity of reducing the number of gas turbine stages designed for a nitrogen Brayton cycle coupled to a sodium-cooled fast reactor was assessed. The turbine performance was evaluated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations under different off-design conditions controlled by a reduced flow rate and reduced rotational speed. Two different multistage gas turbines designed to extract almost the same specific work were selected: two- and three-stage turbines (mid-span stage loading coefficient: 1.23 and 1.0, respectively). Real gas properties were considered in the CFD simulation in accordance with the Peng–Robinson's equation of state. According to the CFD results, the off-design performance of the two-stage turbine is comparable to that of the three-stage turbine. Moreover, compared to the three-stage turbine, the two-stage turbine generates less entropy across the shock wave. The results indicate that under both design and off-design conditions, increasing the stage loading coefficient for a fewer number of turbine stages is effective in terms of performance and size. Furthermore, the Ellipse law can be used to assess off-design performance and increasing exponent of the expansion ratio term better predicts the off-design performance with a few stages (two or three).