Application of the Sleep C.A.L.M. Tool for Assessing Nocturia in a Large Nationally Representative Cohort

• Published in: International neurourology journal 2024, 28(0), , pp.55-61
• Main Authors: Boroda, Joseph U, De Leon, Benjamin, Khosla, Lakshay, Chobufo, Muchi D, Rahman, Syed N, Lazar, Jason M, Weiss, Jeffrey P, Monaghan, Thomas F
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: humans; lower urinary tract symptoms; nocturia diagnosis; nocturia epidemiology; Original; sleep; urinary bladder; 비뇨기과학
• ISSN: 2093-4777; 2093-6931; 2093-6931
• DOI: 10.5213/inj.2346258.129

Nocturia significantly impacts patients' quality of life but remains insufficiently evaluated and treated. The "Sleep C.A.L.M." system categorizes the factors thought to collectively reflect most underlying causes of nocturia (Sleep disorders, Comorbidities, Actions [i.e., modifiable patient behaviors such as excess fluid intake], Lower urinary tract dysfunction, and Medications). The purpose of this study was to assess the association of nocturia with the Sleep C.A.L.M. categories using a nationally representative dataset. Retrospective analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013/14-2017/18 cycles was conducted. Pertinent questionnaire, laboratory, dietary, and physical examination data were used to ascertain the presence of Sleep C.A.L.M. categories in adults ≥20 years of age. Nocturia was defined as ≥2 nighttime voids. A total of 12,274 included subjects were included (51.6% female; median age, 49.0 years [interquartile range, 34.0-62.0 years]; 27.6% nocturia). Among subjects with nocturia, the prevalence of 0, ≥1, and ≥2 Sleep C.A.L.M. categories was 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8%-4.4%), 96.5% (95% CI, 95.6%-97.2%), and 81.2% (95% CI, 78.9%-83.3%), respectively. Compared to those with 0-1 Sleep C.A.L.M. categories, the adjusted odds of nocturia in subjects with 2, 3, and 4-5 Sleep C. A.L.M. categories were 1.77 (95% CI, 1.43-2.21), 2.33 (1.89-2.87), and 3.49 (2.81-4.35), respectively (P