Synergistic induction of apoptosis by combination treatment with mesupron and auranofin in human breast cancer cells

• Published in: Archives of pharmacal research 2017, 40(6), , pp.746-759
• Main Authors: Lee, Joo-Eun, Kwon, Yeo-Jung, Baek, Hyoung-Seok, Ye, Dong-Jin, Cho, Eunah, Choi, Hyung-Kyoon, Oh, Kyung-Soo, Chun, Young-Jin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Apoptosis - drug effects; Auranofin - chemistry; Auranofin - pharmacology; Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy; Breast Neoplasms - pathology; Cell Survival - drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; Humans; Medicine; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial - drug effects; Molecular Structure; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacy; Research Article; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Cells, Cultured; 약학
• ISSN: 0253-6269; 1976-3786
• DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0923-0

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been validated as a predictive or prognostic biomarker protein, and mesupron is considered the first-in-class anticancer agent to inhibit uPA activity in human breast cancer. In the present study, we showed that the synergism between mesupron and auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, for inducing of apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that mesupron and auranofin significantly lead to inhibition of the cancer cells proliferation; cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle, and apoptosis as indicated by caspase 3 activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and annexin V staining. Isobologram analyses of MCF-7 cells showed a clear synergism between mesupron and auranofin. This combined treatment decreased the levels of mitochondrial anti-apoptotic factors, such as BCL-2, BCL-xL, and MCL-1 and caused nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m ) was found to be strongly disrupted in combination-treated cells. In addition, combination treatment significantly enhanced the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which was rescued by N -acetylcysteine treatment. The combination treatment suppressed phosphorylation of Akt, thus contributing to apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that the use of mesupron in combination with auranofin may be important in achieving high anticancer synergy.