A case of systemic mastocytosis associated with acute myeloid leukemia terminating as aleukemic mast cell leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

In up to 40% of systemic mastocytosis (SM) cases, an associated clonal hematological non-mast cell lineage disease such as AML is diagnosed before, simultaneously with, or after the diagnosis of SM. A 40-yr-old man was diagnosed with AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22). Mast cells were not noted at diagnosis,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of laboratory medicine 2013, 33(2), , pp.125-129
Main Authors: Bae, Mi Hyun, Kim, Hyun-Ki, Park, Chan-Jeoung, Seo, Eul-Ju, Park, Sang Hyuk, Cho, Young-Uk, Jang, Seongsoo, Chi, Hyun-Sook, Lee, Kyu-Hyung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Bone Marrow Cells - pathology
Case Report
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Humans
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Leukemia, Mast-Cell - diagnosis
Leukemia, Mast-Cell - etiology
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - complications
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - diagnosis
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - therapy
Leukocytes, Mononuclear - pathology
Male
Mastocytosis, Systemic - diagnosis
Mastocytosis, Systemic - etiology
Recurrence
Translocation, Genetic
Transplantation, Homologous
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Summary:In up to 40% of systemic mastocytosis (SM) cases, an associated clonal hematological non-mast cell lineage disease such as AML is diagnosed before, simultaneously with, or after the diagnosis of SM. A 40-yr-old man was diagnosed with AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22). Mast cells were not noted at diagnosis, but appeared as immature forms at relapse. After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), leukemic myeloblasts were not observed; however, neoplastic metachromatic blasts strikingly proliferated during the state of bone marrow aplasia, and finally, aleukemic mast cell leukemia developed. As the disease progressed, we observed serial morphologic changes from immature mast cells with myeloblasts to only metachromatic blasts and atypical mast cells as mast cell leukemia; FISH analysis showed that the neoplastic mast cells originated from the same clone as the leukemic myeloblasts of AML.
ISSN:2234-3806
2234-3814
DOI:10.3343/alm.2013.33.2.125