Ginsenoside Rd inhibits the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-kB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse liver

• Published in: Journal of ginseng research 2013, 37(1), , pp.54-63
• Main Authors: Dae Hyun Kim, Jae Heun Chung, Ji Sung Yoon, Young Mi Ha, Sungjin Bae, Eun Kyeong Lee, Kyung Jin Jung, Min Sun Kim, You Jung Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Hae Young Chung
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 기타의약학
• ISSN: 1226-8453; 2093-4947

Ginsenoside Rd is a primary constituent of the ginseng rhizome and has been shown to participate in the regulation of diabetesand in tumor formation. Reports also show that ginsenoside Rd exerts anti-oxidative effects by activating anti-oxidant enzymes. Treatment with ginsenoside Rd decreased nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-challengedRAW264.7 cells and in ICR mouse livers (5 mg/kg LPS; LPS + ginsenoside Rd [2, 10, and 50 mg/kg]). Furthermore, thesedecreases were associated with the down-regulations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2and of nuclear factor (NF)-kB activity in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that ginsenoside Rd treatment decreases; 1) nitricoxide production (40% inhibition); 2) PGE2 synthesis (69% to 93% inhibition); 3) NF-kB activity; and 4) the NF-kB-regulatedexpressions of iNOS and COX-2. Taken together, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rd are dueto the down-regulation of NF-κB and the consequent expressional suppressions of iNOS and COX-2. KCI Citation Count: 116