Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer

Remarkable developments in immuno-oncology have changed the landscape of gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Because immunotherapy intervenes with tumor immune response rather than directly targeting tumor cells, it is important to develop a greater understanding of tumor immunity. This review paper summ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pathology and translational medicine 2020, 54(1), , pp.20-33
Main Authors: Kwak, Yoonjin, Seo, An Na, Lee, Hee Eun, Lee, Hye Seung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Apoptosis
biomarker
Biomarkers
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell division
Cell growth
Clinical trials
Cytotoxicity
epstein-barr virus
Gastric cancer
Genes
Growth factors
Immune system
Immunoglobulins
Immunotherapy
Ligands
Lymphocytes
microsatellite instability
Mutation
Oncology
Patients
programmed cell death-ligand 1
Proteins
Review
stomach neoplasms
T cell receptors
tumor mutational burden
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
Tumors
Viruses
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Summary:Remarkable developments in immuno-oncology have changed the landscape of gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Because immunotherapy intervenes with tumor immune response rather than directly targeting tumor cells, it is important to develop a greater understanding of tumor immunity. This review paper summarizes the tumor immune reaction and immune escape mechanisms while focusing on the role of T cells and their co-inhibitory signals, such as the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death-1 and programmed deathligand 1 (PD-L1). This paper also describes past clinical trials of immunotherapy for patients with GC and details their clinical implications. Strong predictive markers are essential to improve response to immunotherapy. Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutational burden are now regarded as potent predictive markers for immunotherapy in patients with GC. Novel immunotherapy and combination therapy targeting new immune checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3, T cell immunoglobulin, and mucin domain containing-3, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase have been suggested, and trials are ongoing to evaluate their safety and efficacy. Immunotherapy is an important treatment option for patients with GC and has great potential for improving patient outcome, and further research in immuno-oncology should be carried out.
ISSN:2383-7837
2383-7845
DOI:10.4132/jptm.2019.10.08