Nutrient regulation of the mTOR Complex 1 signaling pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionally conserved kinase which exists in two distinct structural and functional complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Of the two complexes, mTORC1 couples nutrient abundance to cell growth and proliferation by sensing and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules and cells 2013, 35(6), , pp.463-473
Main Authors: Kim, Sang Gyun, Buel, Gwen R., Blenis, John
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acids - metabolism
Animals
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Energy Metabolism
Food
Humans
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism
Life Sciences
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
Metabolic Diseases - immunology
Metabolic Diseases - metabolism
Minireview
Multiprotein Complexes - metabolism
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - immunology
Signal Transduction
Stress, Physiological
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
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Summary:The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionally conserved kinase which exists in two distinct structural and functional complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Of the two complexes, mTORC1 couples nutrient abundance to cell growth and proliferation by sensing and integrating a variety of inputs arising from amino acids, cellular stresses, energy status, and growth factors. Defects in mTORC1 regulation are implicated in the development of many metabolic diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in deciphering the complexity of the signaling processes contributing to mTORC1 regulation and function, but the mechanistic details are still not fully understood. In particular, how amino acid availability is sensed by cells and signals to mTORC1 remains unclear. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of nutrient-dependent control of mTORC1 signaling and will focus on the key components involved in amino acid signaling to mTORC1.
ISSN:1016-8478
0219-1032
DOI:10.1007/s10059-013-0138-2