Innate host defenses against Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus neoformans, the predominant etiological agent of cryptococcosis, can cause life-threatening infections of the central nervous system in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is the most common disseminated fungal infection in AIDS patients,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of microbiology 2016, 54(3), , pp.202-211
Main Authors: Hole, Camaron, Wormley, Floyd L., Jr
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Antiretroviral agents
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Central nervous system
cryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis - drug therapy
Cryptococcosis - immunology
Cryptococcosis - microbiology
Cryptococcosis - prevention & control
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans - immunology
Cryptococcus neoformans - pathogenicity
Developed countries
Developing countries
etiological agents
Fungal Vaccines - immunology
fungi
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Humans
immune response
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Immunocompetence
Immunocompromised Host
immunotherapy
innate immunity
LDCs
Life Sciences
meningoencephalitis
Microbiology
Models, Molecular
organ transplantation
patients
Review
vaccine development
Vaccines
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Summary:Cryptococcus neoformans, the predominant etiological agent of cryptococcosis, can cause life-threatening infections of the central nervous system in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is the most common disseminated fungal infection in AIDS patients, and remains the third most common invasive fungal infection among organ transplant recipients. The administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases of AIDS-related cryptococcosis in developed countries, but in developing countries where HAART is not readily available, Cryptococcus is still a major concern. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapies and/or vaccines to combat cryptococcosis. Understanding the protective immune responses against Cryptococcus is critical for development of vaccines and immunotherapies to combat cryptococcosis. Consequently, this review focuses on our current knowledge of protective immune responses to C. neoformans, with an emphasis on innate immune responses.
ISSN:1225-8873
1976-3794
DOI:10.1007/s12275-016-5625-7