Understanding the effects of dietary components on the gut microbiome and human health

The gut microbiome is the complex microbial ecosystem found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It plays a vital role in host development, physiology and metabolism, and has been implicated as a factor in brain function, behavior, mental health, and many disease states. While many f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food science and biotechnology 2020, 29(11), , pp.1463-1474
Main Authors: Rackerby, Bryna, Kim, Hyun Jung, Dallas, David C., Park, Si Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composition
Diet
Digestive system
Environmental factors
Food Science
Gastrointestinal system
Gastrointestinal tract
Genetics
Health promotion
Mental health
Microbiomes
Micronutrients
Microorganisms
Nutrient requirements
Nutrition
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Summary:The gut microbiome is the complex microbial ecosystem found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It plays a vital role in host development, physiology and metabolism, and has been implicated as a factor in brain function, behavior, mental health, and many disease states. While many factors, including host genetics and environmental factors, contribute to the composition of the gut microbiome, diet plays a large role. Microorganisms differ in their nutrient requirements, and alterations in host dietary composition can have strong impacts on the microbial inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract. The health implications of these dietary and microbial changes are relevant as various global populations consume diets comprised of different macronutrient ratios, and many diets promote alterations to recommended macronutrient ratios to promote health. This review will outline the ways in which specific macro- and micronutrients impact the gut microbiome and host health.
ISSN:1226-7708
2092-6456
DOI:10.1007/s10068-020-00811-w