Clinical analysis and review of literature on pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients

• Published in: Archives of craniofacial surgery 2020, 21(5), , pp.288-293
• Main Authors: Hu, Ju Long, Yoo, Hyokyung, Kwon, Sung Tack, Kim, Sukwha, Chung, Jee Hyeok, Kim, Hyeonwoo, Kim, Jinhyun, Yu, Na Hee, Kim, Byung Jun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Original; 성형외과학
• ISSN: 2287-1152; 2287-5603
• DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2020.00528

BACKGROUNDPilomatrixoma is a benign tumor that originates from the hair follicle matrix. It usually presents as a hard, slow growing, solitary mass that can be easily misdiagnosed as other skin masses. The aim of this study was to clinically analyze a case series of pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients from Korea. METHODSA total of 165 pediatric patients from 2011 to 2018 with a histological diagnosis of pilomatrixoma were included. A retrospective review was performed using the electronic medical records, including patient demographics, number and location of the mass, clinical and imaging presentation, and postoperative outcomes. RESULTSThere were 61 male and 104 female patients with 152 solitary and 13 multiple pilomatrixomas. Among solitary pilomatrixomas, the lesion commonly occurred in the head and neck (84.2%), followed by upper limbs (11.2%), lower limbs (3.3%), and trunk (1.3%). The pilomatrixoma lesion presented as the following types based on our clinical classification: mass (56.02%), pigmentation (25.31%), mixed (12.65%), ulceration (4.82%), and keloid-like (1.2%). Ultrasonography showed a high positive predictive value (95.56%). There were no specific complications observed except for two cases of recurrence. CONCLUSIONPilomatrixoma has various clinical feature presentations and commonly occurs in the head and neck. Ultrasonography is a helpful diagnostic tool. Surgical removal of the lesion is the main treatment method with a low recurrence rate.