Heterogeneous Aspects of Additive Manufactured Metallic Parts: A Review

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) is an emerging technology to produce complex end-use metallic parts. To adopt MAM for manufacturing numerous engineering parts used in critical applications, a thorough understanding of the relationship between the complex thermal cycles in MAM and the unique heter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metals and materials international 2021, 27(1), , pp.1-39
Main Authors: Karthik, G. M., Kim, Hyoung Seop
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum base alloys
Anisotropy
Cellular structure
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Copper base alloys
Electron beam melting
Engineering Thermodynamics
Evolution
Grain structure
Heat and Mass Transfer
Heat treatment
High entropy alloys
Laser beam melting
Machines
Magnetic Materials
Magnetism
Manufacturing
Materials Science
Metallic Materials
Microstructure
New technology
Nickel base alloys
Phase transitions
Processes
Residual stress
Solid Mechanics
Superalloys
Supersaturation
Titanium alloys
Titanium base alloys
재료공학
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Summary:Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) is an emerging technology to produce complex end-use metallic parts. To adopt MAM for manufacturing numerous engineering parts used in critical applications, a thorough understanding of the relationship between the complex thermal cycles in MAM and the unique heterogeneous microstructures of MAM parts need to be established. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of heterogeneous microstructures in MAM parts, including melt pool boundaries, heterogeneous grain structure, sub-grain cellular structure, matrix supersaturation, segregation, phase transformation, oxides formation, and texture. The evolution of residual stresses and the anisotropy in MAM parts and the post-MAM heat treatment effects on the microstructural evolution are also discussed. This review covers the microstructural aspects of most engineering materials in particular steels, high entropy alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-base superalloys, and copper alloys, with a primary focus on the parts manufactured using selective laser melting, direct energy deposition, and electron beam melting processes. Graphic Abstract
ISSN:1598-9623
2005-4149
DOI:10.1007/s12540-020-00931-2