Micro-Cracking in Medium-Carbon Steel Layers Additively Deposited on Gray Cast Iron Using Directed Energy Deposition

Single track and multi-layers of medium-carbon steel (AISI H13) powders were additively deposited on gray cast iron using a directed energy deposition (DED) technique. Multi-scale microstructure characterization using a scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe micro-analyzer and a scanning tr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metals and materials international 2020, 26(5), , pp.708-718
Main Authors: Lee, Seulbi, Kim, Jaewoong, Shim, Do-Sik, Park, Sang-Hu, Choi, Yoon Suk
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon steel
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chromium molybdenum vanadium steels
Cooling
Crack initiation
Deposition
Electron probes
Engineering Thermodynamics
Exposure
Finite element method
Fracture mechanics
Graphitization
Gray iron
Heat and Mass Transfer
Heat treating
Hot work tool steels
Machines
Magnetic Materials
Magnetism
Manufacturing
Martensite
Materials Science
Medium carbon steels
Metallic Materials
Microcracks
Microscopy
Microstructure
Multilayers
Multiscale analysis
Processes
Scanning electron microscopy
Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Solid Mechanics
Solidification
Substrates
Thermal analysis
재료공학
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Summary:Single track and multi-layers of medium-carbon steel (AISI H13) powders were additively deposited on gray cast iron using a directed energy deposition (DED) technique. Multi-scale microstructure characterization using a scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe micro-analyzer and a scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the thermal analysis using finite element method were performed to understand the mechanism for the micro-crack formation, which was found at the single, double and triple layers of medium-carbon steel powders, except for the single track, deposited on a cast iron substrate. The crack formation mechanism was thoroughly investigated by combining the layer-by-layer chemistry variations and the resulting microstructural evolution upon exposure to thermal cycles during the DED process. It was concluded that micro-cracking was accompanied by the initiation of the local graphitization and the formation of plate martensite in the vicinity, which seemed to be kinetically facilitated by an indirect exposure to multiple heating–cooling thermal cycles, not by a direct exposure to a melting-cooling (solidification) cycle. Graphic Abstract
ISSN:1598-9623
2005-4149
DOI:10.1007/s12540-019-00589-5