Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies

Insulin resistance is the pivotal pathogenic component of many metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is defined as a state of reduced responsiveness of insulin-targeting tissues to physiological levels of insulin. Although the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance is not f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes & metabolism journal 2022, 46(1), 189, pp.15-37
Main Authors: Lee, Shin-Hae, Park, Shi-Young, Choi, Cheol Soo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
diabetes mellitus, type 2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Humans
Insulin - metabolism
insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - physiology
metabolic syndrome
Muscle, Skeletal - pathology
Review
therapeutics
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Summary:Insulin resistance is the pivotal pathogenic component of many metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is defined as a state of reduced responsiveness of insulin-targeting tissues to physiological levels of insulin. Although the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance is not fully understood, several credible theories have been proposed. In this review, we summarize the functions of insulin in glucose metabolism in typical metabolic tissues and describe the mechanisms proposed to underlie insulin resistance, that is, ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. In addition, we suggest potential therapeutic strategies for addressing insulin resistance.
ISSN:2233-6079
2233-6087
DOI:10.4093/dmj.2021.0280