Influence of lattice orientation on growth and structure of graphene on Cu(001)

We have used low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and diffraction (LEED) to examine the significance of lattice orientation in graphene growth on Cu(001). Individual graphene domains undergo anisotropic growth on the Cu surface, and develop into lens shapes with their long axes roughly aligned with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Carbon (New York) 2015-08, Vol.90 (C), p.284-290
Main Authors: Wofford, Joseph M., Nie, Shu, Thürmer, Konrad, McCarty, Kevin F., Dubon, Oscar D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Attachment
Brackets
Carbon
Copper
Graphene
Lattices
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Mathematical models
Orientation
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Summary:We have used low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and diffraction (LEED) to examine the significance of lattice orientation in graphene growth on Cu(001). Individual graphene domains undergo anisotropic growth on the Cu surface, and develop into lens shapes with their long axes roughly aligned with Cu〈100〉 in-plane directions. The long axis of a lens-shaped domain is only rarely oriented along a C〈11〉 direction, suggesting that carbon attachment at “zigzag” graphene island edges is unfavorable. A kink-mediated adatom attachment process is consistent with the behavior observed here and reported in the literature. The details of the ridged moiré pattern formed by the superposition of the graphene lattice on the (001) Cu surface also evolve with the graphene lattice orientation, and are predicted well by a simple geometric model. Managing the kink-mediated growth mode of graphene on Cu(001) will be necessary for the continued improvement of this graphene synthesis technique.
ISSN:0008-6223
1873-3891
DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.056