Highly Crystalline Multimetallic Nanoframes with Three-Dimensional Electrocatalytic Surfaces

Control of structure at the atomic level can precisely and effectively tune catalytic properties of materials, enabling enhancement in both activity and durability. We synthesized a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts by exploiting the structural evolution of platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2014-03, Vol.343 (6177), p.1339-1343
Main Authors: Chen, Chen, Kang, Yijin, Huo, Ziyang, Zhu, Zhongwei, Huang, Wenyu, Xin, Huolin L., Snyder, Joshua D., Li, Dongguo, Herron, Jeffrey A., Mavrikakis, Manos, Chi, Miaofang, More, Karren L., Li, Yadong, Markovic, Nenad M., Somorjai, Gabor A., Yang, Peidong, Stamenkovic, Vojislav R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Catalysts
Crystallization
Durability
Electrocatalysis
Electrocatalysts
Materials
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Molecular evolution
Nanostructures
Platinum
Polyhedrons
Shergottites
Surface chemistry
Three dimensional imaging
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Summary:Control of structure at the atomic level can precisely and effectively tune catalytic properties of materials, enabling enhancement in both activity and durability. We synthesized a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts by exploiting the structural evolution of platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) bimetallic nanocrystals. The starting material, crystalline PtNi3 polyhedra, transforms in solution by interior erosion into Pt3Ni nanoframes with surfaces that offer three-dimensional molecular accessibility. The edges of the Pt-rich PtNi3 polyhedra are maintained in the final Pt3Ni nanoframes. Both the interior and exterior catalytic surfaces of this open-framework structure are composed of the nanosegregated Pt-skin structure, which exhibits enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The Pt3Ni nanoframe catalysts achieved a factor of 36 enhancement in mass activity and a factor of 22 enhancement in specific activity, respectively, for this reaction (relative to state-of-the-art platinum-carbon catalysts) during prolonged exposure to reaction conditions.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1249061