Electrolytic Conditioning of a Magnesium Aluminum Chloride Complex for Reversible Magnesium Deposition

• Published in: Journal of physical chemistry. C 2014-12, Vol.118 (48), p.27623-27630
• Main Authors: Barile, Christopher J, Barile, Elizabeth C, Zavadil, Kevin R, Nuzzo, Ralph G, Gewirth, Andrew A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; magnesium aluminum chloride complex; Mg electrodeposition; Mg-ion battery; ring-opening polymerization
• ISSN: 1932-7447; 1932-7455
• DOI: 10.1021/jp506951b

We describe in this report the electrochemistry of Mg deposition and dissolution from the magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC). The results define the requirements for reversible Mg deposition and definitively establish that voltammetric cycling of the electrolyte significantly alters its composition and performance. Elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) results demonstrate that irreversible Mg and Al deposits form during early cycles. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data show that inhibitory oligomers develop in THF-based solutions. These oligomers form via the well-established mechanism of a cationic ring-opening polymerization of THF during the initial synthesis of the MACC and under resting conditions. In contrast, MACC solutions in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), an acyclic solvent, do not evolve as dramatically at open circuit potential. From these results, we propose a mechanism describing how the conditioning process of the MACC in THF improves its performance by both tuning the Mg:Al stoichiometry and eliminating oligomers.