Engineering of plant cell walls for enhanced biofuel production

•Lignocellulosic materials have been engineered with altered lignin to create a more open wall architecture.•Lignocellulosic materials containing less process inhibitors have been generated.•Lignocellulosic materials with an increased hexose content have been produced. The biomass of plants consists...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current opinion in plant biology 2015-06, Vol.25 (C), p.151-161
Main Authors: Loqué, Dominique, Scheller, Henrik V, Pauly, Markus
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
09 BIOMASS FUELS
Biofuels
Biomass
Cell Wall - chemistry
Lignin - metabolism
Metabolic Engineering
Plant Cells - chemistry
Plants - chemistry
Polysaccharides - metabolism
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Summary:•Lignocellulosic materials have been engineered with altered lignin to create a more open wall architecture.•Lignocellulosic materials containing less process inhibitors have been generated.•Lignocellulosic materials with an increased hexose content have been produced. The biomass of plants consists predominately of cell walls, a sophisticated composite material composed of various polymer networks including numerous polysaccharides and the polyphenol lignin. In order to utilize this renewable, highly abundant resource for the production of commodity chemicals such as biofuels, major hurdles have to be surpassed to reach economical viability. Recently, major advances in the basic understanding of the synthesis of the various wall polymers and its regulation has enabled strategies to alter the qualitative composition of wall materials. Such emerging strategies include a reduction/alteration of the lignin network to enhance polysaccharide accessibility, reduction of polymer derived processing inhibitors, and increases in polysaccharides with a high hexose/pentose ratio.
ISSN:1369-5266
1879-0356
DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.018