Recombination-Enhanced Surface Expansion of Clusters in Intense Soft X-Ray Laser Pulses

• Published in: Physical review letters 2016-10, Vol.117 (15), p.153401-153401, Article 153401
• Main Authors: Rupp, Daniela, Flückiger, Leonie, Adolph, Marcus, Gorkhover, Tais, Krikunova, Maria, Müller, Jan Philippe, Müller, Maria, Oelze, Tim, Ovcharenko, Yevheniy, Röben, Benjamin, Sauppe, Mario, Schorb, Sebastian, Wolter, David, Mitzner, Rolf, Wöstmann, Michael, Roling, Sebastian, Harmand, Marion, Treusch, Rolf, Arbeiter, Mathias, Fennel, Thomas, Bostedt, Christoph, Möller, Thomas
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Charge distribution; Clusters; Energy measurement; Formations; Ion charge; Lasers; Molecular dynamics; Nanostructure
• ISSN: 0031-9007; 1079-7114
• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.153401

We studied the nanoplasma formation and explosion dynamics of single large xenon clusters in ultrashort, intense x-ray free-electron laser pulses via ion spectroscopy. The simultaneous measurement of single-shot diffraction images enabled a single-cluster analysis that is free from any averaging over the cluster size and laser intensity distributions. The measured charge state-resolved ion energy spectra show narrow distributions with peak positions that scale linearly with final ion charge state. These two distinct signatures are attributed to highly efficient recombination that eventually leads to the dominant formation of neutral atoms in the cluster. The measured mean ion energies exceed the value expected without recombination by more than an order of magnitude, indicating that the energy release resulting from electron-ion recombination constitutes a previously unnoticed nanoplasma heating process. This conclusion is supported by results from semiclassical molecular dynamics simulations.