Spray flow structure from twin-hole diesel injector nozzles

• Published in: Experimental thermal and fluid science 2017-09, Vol.86 (C), p.235-247
• Main Authors: Nguyen, D., Duke, D., Kastengren, A., Matusik, K., Swantek, A., Powell, C.F., Honnery, D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aerodynamics; Cavitation; CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; Common rail; Diesel; Diesel engines; Digital cameras; Edge detection; Flow stability; Fluid dynamics; Injection; Injectors; INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; Mass flow; Nozzles; Penetration; Pressure; Radiography; Spatial discrimination; Spatial resolution; Spray; Spray merge; Sprayers; Sprays; Turbulence; Twin-hole nozzle; X-ray radiography
• ISSN: 0894-1777; 1879-2286
• DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.04.020

•Optical imaging & X-ray radiography are used to study twin-hole nozzles’ sprays.•Twin-hole nozzles have slower penetration than the equivalent single-hole nozzle.•Twin-hole nozzles present complex instabilities in the initial transient mass flow.•Discharge coefficient is related to the mean density of the nozzles exiting flow.•Cavitation process gives rise to vapour being widely distributed in the spray. Two techniques were used to study non-evaporating diesel sprays from common rail injectors which were equipped with twin-hole and single-hole nozzles for comparison. To characterise the sprays, high speed optical imaging and X-ray radiography were used. The former was performed at the Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC) at Monash University, while the latter was performed at the 7-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. The optical imaging made use of high temporal, high spatial resolution spray recordings on a digital camera from which peripheral parameters in the initial injection phase were investigated based on edge detection. The X-ray radiography was used to explore quantitative mass distributions, which were measured on a point-wise basis at roughly similar sampling rate. Three twin-hole nozzles of different subtended angles and a single-hole nozzle were investigated at injection pressure of 1000bar in environments of 20bar back pressure. Evidence of strong cavitation was found for all nozzles examined with their CD ranging from 0.62 to 0.69. Penetration of the twin-hole nozzles was found to lag the single-hole nozzle, before the sprays merged. Switching in hole dominance was observed from one twin-hole nozzle, and this was accompanied by greater instability in mass flow during the transient opening phase of the injectors.