Congener-specific levels and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls in edible fish tissue from the central Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2016-12, Vol.572 (C), p.915-925
• Main Authors: Batang, Zenon B., Alikunhi, Nabeel, Gochfeld, Michael, Burger, Joanna, Al-Jahdali, Ramzi, Al-Jahdali, Haitham, Aziz, Mohammed A.M., Al-Jebreen, Dalal, Al-Suwailem, Abdulaziz
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Contaminant; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes; Food Contamination - analysis; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Indian Ocean; Jeddah; Mugil cephalus; Organochlorine; PCBs; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis; POPs; Saudi Arabia; Seafood - analysis; Siganus rivulatus; Toxic equivalence; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.207

All 209 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in edible fish tissue from the central Red Sea coast (Jeddah region) of Saudi Arabia were analyzed by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The upper-bound total PCB (ΣPCB) levels in nine commonly consumed fish species from three areas were 0.2–82.5ng/g wet weight (17–8450ng/g lipid weight), which were at the lower end of reported global range and far below international tolerance limits (500–3000ng/g ww). Dioxin-like congeners contributed up to 12.8% (mean 6.5%) to ΣPCB in tissue samples, with the total PCB toxic equivalencies (TEQs) at a tolerable range (0.05–2.6pgTEQ/g ww or 2–238pgTEQ/g lw) for all species. PCB profiles were dominated by moderately chlorinated homologs, mainly hexachlorobiphenyls, but less chlorinated congeners were also consistently elevated, notably in Siganus rivulatus (Area III) and Mugil cephalus (Area I). It remains to be ascertained if the latter were breakdown products or due to fresh inputs. The top congeners based on dominance by both occurrence and abundance were identified as potential markers of ΣPCB in fish tissue, which can be used for future selective biomonitoring in case of reasonable constraints on full congener approach. [Display omitted] •All 209 PCB congeners in fish tissue from coastal areas were analyzed.•Total PCB levels were at the lower end of reported global range.•Total PCB toxic equivalencies were within tolerable levels.•Congener profiles were dominated by hexachlorobiphenyl isomers.•Selected indicator congeners were identified for future biomonitoring.