Accelerated Chemical Reactions and Organic Synthesis in Leidenfrost Droplets

Leidenfrost levitated droplets can be used to accelerate chemical reactions in processes that appear similar to reaction acceleration in charged microdroplets produced by electrospray ionization. Reaction acceleration in Leidenfrost droplets is demonstrated for a base‐catalyzed Claisen–Schmidt conde...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie (International ed.) 2016-08, Vol.55 (35), p.10478-10482
Main Authors: Bain, Ryan M., Pulliam, Christopher J., Thery, Fabien, Cooks, R. Graham
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acceleration
Chemical reactions
Chemical synthesis
Condensates
Condensation
Conversion
Droplets
Ionization
Ketones
Leidenfrost effect
mass spectrometry
Microreactors
Multiplexing
Pyridinium
reaction acceleration
reaction kinetics
synthesis
Vessels
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Summary:Leidenfrost levitated droplets can be used to accelerate chemical reactions in processes that appear similar to reaction acceleration in charged microdroplets produced by electrospray ionization. Reaction acceleration in Leidenfrost droplets is demonstrated for a base‐catalyzed Claisen–Schmidt condensation, hydrazone formation from precharged and neutral ketones, and for the Katritzky pyrylium into pyridinium conversion under various reaction conditions. Comparisons with bulk reactions gave intermediate acceleration factors (2–50). By keeping the volume of the Leidenfrost droplets constant, it was shown that interfacial effects contribute to acceleration; this was confirmed by decreased reaction rates in the presence of a surfactant. The ability to multiplex Leidenfrost microreactors, to extract product into an immiscible solvent during reaction, and to use Leidenfrost droplets as reaction vessels to synthesize milligram quantities of product is also demonstrated. Chemical reactions can be accelerated in Leidenfrost levitated droplets in processes that are similar to reaction acceleration in charged microdroplets produced by electrospray ionization. Acceleration factors of 2 to 50 compared to the corresponding bulk‐phase reactions were achieved for a range of transformations.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.201605899