Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Far From Local Equilibrium

Fluid dynamics is traditionally thought to apply only to systems near local equilibrium. In this case, the effective theory of fluid dynamics can be constructed as a gradient series. Recent applications of resurgence suggest that this gradient series diverges, but can be Borel resummed, giving rise...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review letters 2018-01, Vol.120 (1), p.012301-012301, Article 012301
Main Author: Romatschke, Paul
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
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Summary:Fluid dynamics is traditionally thought to apply only to systems near local equilibrium. In this case, the effective theory of fluid dynamics can be constructed as a gradient series. Recent applications of resurgence suggest that this gradient series diverges, but can be Borel resummed, giving rise to a hydrodynamic attractor solution which is well defined even for large gradients. Arbitrary initial data quickly approaches this attractor via nonhydrodynamic mode decay. This suggests the existence of a new theory of far-from-equilibrium fluid dynamics. In this Letter, the framework of fluid dynamics far from local equilibrium for a conformal system is introduced, and the hydrodynamic attractor solutions for resummed Baier-Romatschke-Son-Starinets-Stephanov theory, kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation, and strongly coupled N=4 super Yang-Mills theory are identified for a system undergoing Bjorken flow.
ISSN:0031-9007
1079-7114
DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.120.012301