Thermal energy grid storage using multi-junction photovoltaics

As the cost of renewable energy falls below fossil fuels, the key barrier to widespread sustainable electricity has become availability on demand. Energy storage can enable renewables to provide this availability, but there is no clear technology that can meet the low cost needed. Thus, we introduce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energy & environmental science 2019-01, Vol.12 (1), p.334-343
Main Authors: Amy, Caleb, Seyf, Hamid Reza, Steiner, Myles A, Friedman, Daniel J, Henry, Asegun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Electricity
Electricity consumption
Electricity pricing
ENERGY STORAGE
Fossil fuels
Heat engines
high temperature thermal storage
Low cost
Photovoltaic cells
Photovoltaics
Renewable energy
Solar cells
SOLAR ENERGY
Thermal energy
thermophotovoltaics
Tradeoffs
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Summary:As the cost of renewable energy falls below fossil fuels, the key barrier to widespread sustainable electricity has become availability on demand. Energy storage can enable renewables to provide this availability, but there is no clear technology that can meet the low cost needed. Thus, we introduce a concept termed thermal energy grid storage, which in this embodiment uses multi-junction photovoltaics as a heat engine. We report promising initial experimental results that suggest it is feasible and could meet the low cost required to reach full penetration of renewables. The approach exploits an important tradeoff between the realization of an extremely low cost per unit energy stored, by storing heat instead of electricity directly, and paying the penalty of a lower round trip efficiency. To understand why this tradeoff is advantageous, we first introduce a general framework for evaluating storage technologies that treats round trip efficiency, as well as cost per unit energy and power, as variables. The storage of liquid silicon above 2000 °C and multi-junction photovoltaics enable affordable, geographically independent grid level energy storage.
ISSN:1754-5692
1754-5706
DOI:10.1039/c8ee02341g