Magnetism from Co and Eu implanted into ZnO

[Display omitted] •Cobalt implanted films produced with Co2+ on Zn sites after annealing in air.•Eu implanted films contained only Eu3+ after annealing in air.•Substantial ferromagnetically coupled magnetic moments were found for both Co2+ and Eu3+ ions.•Co-doping with Co and Eu increased the magnet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 2021-06, Vol.527 (C), p.167741, Article 167741
Main Authors: Saeedi, Ahmad M.A., Alshammari, Marzook S., Peng, Nianhua, Adachi, Yutaka, Heald, Steve M., Alanazi, Amal F., Gehring, Gillian A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Annealing
Cobalt
Cobalt Co2
Europium Eu3
Ferromagnetic materials
Fluxes
Ion-implantation
Lattice parameters
Magnetic moments
Magnetism
Oxygen ions
Production methods
Pulsed laser deposition
Pulsed lasers
Radiation damage
Raman spectra
Surface magnetism
Thick films
Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide film
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Cobalt implanted films produced with Co2+ on Zn sites after annealing in air.•Eu implanted films contained only Eu3+ after annealing in air.•Substantial ferromagnetically coupled magnetic moments were found for both Co2+ and Eu3+ ions.•Co-doping with Co and Eu increased the magnetisation. Films of ZnO have been implanted with fluxes of Co and Eu ions so as to give a layer of Zn0.96Co0.04O or Zn0.96Eu0.04O or Zn0.92Co0.04Eu0.04O that is approximately 15 nm thick. The ZnO films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition and had an O-polar surface. The properties of the as-implanted films were compared with those obtained after annealing in air and vacuum. The amount of radiation damage was measured using Raman scattering. Measurements of the lattice constants and EXAFS demonstrated that after annealing in air the Co2+ were on Zn sites in the lattice and Eu3+ ions were surrounded by oxygen ions. The air-annealed films were ferromagnetic and the magnetic moment of the ZnCoEuO was close to the sum of that from ZnCoO and ZnEuO. This method of producing ferromagnetic ZnCoO and ZnEuO films was competitive with other methods including pulsed laser deposition.
ISSN:0304-8853
1873-4766
DOI:10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.167741