Operational status of the Belle II Time-Of-Propagation counter readout and data acquisition system

• Published in: Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, 2020-02, Vol.952 (C), p.162049, Article 162049
• Main Authors: Maeda, Y., Andrew, M., Atmacan, H., Bessner, M., Gaz, A., Hartbrich, O., Hirata, H., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Macchiarulo, L., Matsuoka, K., Muroyama, G., Neverov, D., Nisar, N.K., Nishimura, K., Okuto, R., Savinov, V., Senga, S., Suzuki, K., Tsuzuki, N., Varner, G.S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cherenkov detector; Electronics; Fast readout; FPGA; Particle identification
• ISSN: 0168-9002; 1872-9576
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.04.003

The front-end electronics system for the Belle II Time-Of-Propagation (TOP) counter was fully installed in May 2016. The detector is a novel particle identification device for the barrel region, where Cherenkov ring images are reconstructed with precise timing information of each photon. The readout electronics need to have excellent timing performance for single photon detection. To exploit the benefit of high luminosity, the electronics must also be able to cope with a high input trigger rate (30 kHz) and have buffer memory which is deep enough to wait for a trigger decision (>5 μs). The TOP electronics has switching capacitor arrays to sample waveforms with 2.7 GSample/s, which allows a timing resolution of 50 ps for a single photon signal. The programmable logic and the processing system are the effective implementation to meet these requirements, where flexible optimization and step-by-step development of readout logic are possible. The system has been successfully operated in the first accelerator commissioning runs with beam collisions in 2018, where the typical trigger rate was 500Hz. Operation with a 20 kHz trigger rate was also tested. •Readout electronics for the Belle II Time-Of-Propagation counter was installed.•A single photon is detected with timing resolution better than 100 ps.•The whole system was successfully operated in the physics run.