Mediated Electrochemical Probing: A Systems-Level Tool for Redox Biology

Biology uses well-known redox mechanisms for energy harvesting (e.g., respiration), biosynthesis, and immune defense (e.g., oxidative burst), and now we know biology uses redox for systems-level communication. Currently, we have limited abilities to “eavesdrop” on this redox modality, which can be c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ACS chemical biology 2021-07, Vol.16 (7), p.1099-1110
Main Authors: Zhao, Zhiling, Ozcan, Evrim E, VanArsdale, Eric, Li, Jinyang, Kim, Eunkyoung, Sandler, Anthony D, Kelly, Deanna L, Bentley, William E, Payne, Gregory F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
electro genetics
INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
mediators
melanin
oxidative stress
reactive species
redox
redox-active
reverse engineering
sensor fusion
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Summary:Biology uses well-known redox mechanisms for energy harvesting (e.g., respiration), biosynthesis, and immune defense (e.g., oxidative burst), and now we know biology uses redox for systems-level communication. Currently, we have limited abilities to “eavesdrop” on this redox modality, which can be contrasted with our abilities to observe and actuate biology through its more familiar ionic electrical modality. In this Perspective, we argue that the coupling of electrochemistry with diffusible mediators (electron shuttles) provides a unique opportunity to access the redox communication modality through its electrical features. We highlight previous studies showing that mediated electrochemical probing (MEP) can “communicate” with biology to acquire information and even to actuate specific biological responses (i.e., targeted gene expression). We suggest that MEP may reveal an extent of redox-based communication that has remained underappreciated in nature and that MEP could provide new technological approaches for redox biology, bioelectronics, clinical care, and environmental sciences.
ISSN:1554-8929
1554-8937
DOI:10.1021/acschembio.1c00267