Nonequilibrium dissociative dynamics of D2 in two-color, few-photon excitation and ionization

• Published in: Physical review research 2021-09, Vol.3 (3)
• Main Authors: Slaughter, D. S., Sturm, F. P., Bello, Roger Y., Larsen, K. A., Shivaram, N., McCurdy, C. W., Lucchese, R. R., Martin, L., Hogle, C. W., Murnane, M. M., Kapteyn, H. C., Ranitovic, P., Weber, Th
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS; electronic excitation & ionization; electronic structure; electronic transitions; high-order harmonic generation; interatomic & molecular potentials; molecular dynamics; molecular spectra; multiphoton or tunneling ionization & excitation; photodissociation; photoexcitation; photoionization; potential energy surfaces; Schroedinger equation; single- and few-photon ionization & excitation; ultrafast phenomena
• ISSN: 2643-1564; 2643-1564
• DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033191

D2 molecules, excited by linearly cross-polarized femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and near-infrared (NIR) light pulses, reveal highly structured D+ ion fragment momenta and angular distributions that originate from two different four-step dissociative ionization pathways after four-photon absorption (one XUV + three NIR). We show that, even for very low dissociation kinetic energy release ≤ 240 meV, specific electronic excitation pathways can be identified and isolated in the final ion momentum distributions. With the aid of ab initio electronic structure and time-dependent Schrödinger equation calculations, angular momentum, energy, and parity conservation are used to identify the excited neutral molecular states and molecular orientations relative to the polarization vectors in these different photoexcitation and dissociation sequences of the neutral D2 molecule and its $D_2^+$ cation. In one sequential photodissociation pathway, molecules aligned along either of the two light polarization vectors are excluded, while another pathway selects molecules aligned parallel to the light propagation direction. The evolution of the nuclear wave packet on the intermediate $B^1Σ_u^+$ electronic state of the neutral D2 molecule is also probed in real time.