The role of B T -dependent flows on W accumulation at the edge of the confined plasma

• Published in: Nuclear fusion 2021-12
• Main Authors: Zamperini, Shawn Angelo, Nichols, J. H., Stangeby, Peter C., Donovan, David, Duran, Jonah David, Elder, John David, Unterberg, Ezekial A., Rudakov, Dmitry L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0029-5515; 1741-4326

Abstract Near-separatrix impurity accumulation between the crown and the outer midplane of tokamaks is a common feature in results from codes such as SOLPS-ITER and DIVIMP; however, experimental evidence of accumulation has only recently been obtained and is reported here. The codes find that the poloidal distribution of impurity ions in the scrape-off layer (SOL) depends primarily on toroidal field (B T )-dependent parallel flow patterns of the background plasma and the parallel ion temperature gradient (∇ || T ion ) force. Experimentally, Mach probes used in L-mode plasmas with favorable (for H-mode access) B T measure fast (M~0.3-0.5) inner-target-directed (ITD) background plasma flows at the crown of single-null discharges. This study reports a set of DIVIMP simulations for two similar H-mode discharges from the DIII-D W Metal Rings Campaign differing primarily in B T -direction to assess the effect that fast ITD flows have on the distribution of W ions in the SOL. It is found that for imposed ITD flows of M = 0.3, W ions that otherwise accumulate due to the ∇ || T ion -force are largely flushed out. It is also found that doubling the radial diffusion coefficient from 0.3 to 0.6 m 2 /s prevents accumulation due to rapid cross-field transport into the far-SOL, where background plasma flows drain W ions to the divertors. Far-SOL W distributions from DIVIMP are then used to specify input to the impurity transport code 3DLIM, which is used to interpretively model collector probe deposition patterns measured in the “wall-SOL.” It is demonstrated that the deposition patterns are consistent with the DIVIMP predictions of near-SOL accumulation for the unfavorable-B T direction, and little/no accumulation for the favorable-B T direction. The wall-SOL collector probes have thus provided the first experimental evidence, albeit indirect, of near-SOL W accumulation – finding it occurs for the unfavorable-B T direction only. For the favorable-B T direction, fast flows can largely prevent accumulation from occurring.