Oxygen Loss in Layered Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Effects, and Mitigation

Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathodes of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major factors leading to cycling-induced stru...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical reviews 2022-03, Vol.122 (6), p.5641-5681
Main Authors: Zhang, Hanlei, Liu, Hao, Piper, Louis F J, Whittingham, M Stanley, Zhou, Guangwen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical methods
Batteries
Cathodes
Degradation
Electric vehicles
Electrochemical analysis
Electrochemistry
Energy storage
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
Oxides
Oxygen
Rechargeable batteries
Storage batteries
Transition metal oxides
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Summary:Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathodes of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major factors leading to cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and the resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches toward mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade as well as detail novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.
ISSN:0009-2665
1520-6890
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327