Hierarchical Control of Megawatt-Scale Charging Stations for Electric Trucks with Distributed Energy Resources

Electrifying medium- and heavy-duty trucks is critical to decarbonizing the transportation sector. Energy needs of electric trucks will likely require megawatt-scale charging stations, which could significantly stress the electric distribution grid. Distributed energy resources (DER) can alleviate t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on transportation electrification 2022-04, Vol.9 (4)
Main Authors: Mohamed, Ahmed A. S., Jun, Myungsoo, Mahmud, Rasel, Mishra, Partha, Patel, Serena N., Tolbert, Isaac, Santhanagopalan, Shriram, Meintz, Andrew
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
distributed energy resources
electric trucks
energy management
extreme fast charging
optimization
POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
secondary control
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Electrifying medium- and heavy-duty trucks is critical to decarbonizing the transportation sector. Energy needs of electric trucks will likely require megawatt-scale charging stations, which could significantly stress the electric distribution grid. Distributed energy resources (DER) can alleviate this stress and reduce charging costs with proper management. To that end, this work develops a hierarchical predictive control algorithm for future multi-port megawatt-scale charging stations that can provide real-time energy management for stations, decide charging rates, dispatch energy storage system (ESS), and provide grid voltage support. We integrate three algorithmic components: (i) an energy management optimization (EMO) that provides supervisory control to DER assets and charging loads at minute scale, (ii) a real-time energy management system (RT-EMS) that heuristically compensates for fast disturbances at sub-second scale, and (iii) a model predictive control (MPC)-based battery management system (BMS) that communicates future charging demands to the EMO, to manage the overall megawatt-scale site. Additionally, validation in a controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) environment shows that the hierarchical controller can reduce the total energy consumption from the grid by approximately 28% compared to an uncontrolled case for the station configuration in this paper, without impacting charging time.
ISSN:2332-7782
2332-7782