A normal form-based power system out-of-step protection

•The frequency of electromechanical oscillations declines during faults.•Tracking the frequency descent helps detect out-of-step in power systems.•The Normal Form technique allows tracking the frequency deterioration of electromechanical oscillations.•Faster and system-wide out-of-step identificatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Electric power systems research 2022-07, Vol.208 (C), p.107873, Article 107873
Main Authors: Ugwuanyi, Nnaemeka Sunday, Kestelyn, Xavier, Thomas, Olivier, Marinescu, Bogdan, Wang, Bin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Canonical forms
Electric power
Engineering Sciences
Equal area criterion
Frequencies
Frequency shift
Identification methods
Mechanics
Monitoring systems
Nonlinear phenomena
Nonlinear systems
Normal form
Oscillation frequency drift
Out-of-step detection
Power supply
Transient stability
Vibrations
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Summary:•The frequency of electromechanical oscillations declines during faults.•Tracking the frequency descent helps detect out-of-step in power systems.•The Normal Form technique allows tracking the frequency deterioration of electromechanical oscillations.•Faster and system-wide out-of-step identification and mitigation technique emerges.•Possible online application of the method. This paper proposes a new system-level application for monitoring out-of-step (OOS) events in power systems. As already known, amplitude-dependent frequency shift is a nonlinear phenomenon of electromechanical oscillations under large disturbances. The frequency shift indicates the system’s nearness to instability. This new tool utilizes the Normal Form method to identify the named phenomenon, leading to accelerated OOS detection. The proposed strategy is illustrated and compared to the equal-area criterion method in a single-machine-infinite-bus power system. Extensive tests on IEEE 3- and IEEE 50-machine power systems prove the efficacy and potential of the proposed method for online warnings of instability and ranking of vulnerable system modes.
ISSN:0378-7796
1873-2046
DOI:10.1016/j.epsr.2022.107873