Study of nanodiamond photocathodes for MPGD-based detectors of single photons

• Published in: Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, 2023-03, Vol.1048 (C), p.168014, Article 168014
• Main Authors: Brunbauer, F.M., Chatterjee, C., Cicala, G., Cicuttin, A., Crespo, M.L., D’Ago, D., Torre, S. Dalla, Dasgupta, S., Gregori, M., Levorato, S., Ligonzo, T., Lisowska, M., Leone, M.S., Rai, R., Ropelewski, L., Tessarotto, F., Triloki, Valentini, A., Velardi, L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Electron–Ion Collider; Hydrogenated; MicroPattern Gaseous Detector; Nanodiamond photocathode; THick gaseous electron multiplier
• ISSN: 0168-9002; 1872-9576
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2023.168014

The proposed new Electron–Ion Collider poses a technical and intellectual challenge for the detector design to accommodate the long-term diverse physics goals envisaged by the program. This requires a 4π detector system capable of reconstructing the energy and momentum of final state particles with high precision. The Electron-Ion Collider also requires identification of particles of different masses over a wide momentum range. A diverse spectrum of Particle IDentification detectors has been proposed. Of the four types of detectors for hadron identification, three are based on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter technologies, and one is realized by the Time of Flight method. The quest for a novel photocathode, sensitive in the far vacuum ultraviolet wavelength range and more robust than cesium iodide, motivated an R&D programme to explore nano-diamond (ND) based photocathodes, started by a collaboration between INFN and CNR Bari and INFN Trieste. Systematic measurements of the photoemission in different Ar:CH4 and Ar:CO2 gas mixtures with various types of ND powders and Hydrogenated ND (H-ND) powders are reported. A first study of the response of THGEMs coated with different photocathode materials is presented. The progress of this R&D programme and the results obtained so far by these exploratory studies are described.