An overview of cobalt-free, nickel-containing cathodes for Li-ion batteries

The need for high-energy, low-cost batteries is projected to grow dramatically in the next decade due to electrification of the transportation market. Such demands are straining Li-ion supply chains for critical materials including lithium, nickel, and cobalt. Price instability, environment toxicity...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials today energy 2022-10, Vol.30 (1)
Main Authors: Darbar, Devendrasinh, Malkowski, Thomas, Self, Ethan C., Bhattacharya, Indranil, Reddy, Mogalahalli Venkatesh Venkatashamy, Nanda, Jagjit
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
cobalt free cathode
ENERGY STORAGE
ionic/electronic conductivity
low nickel
low-cost
thermal stability
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Summary:The need for high-energy, low-cost batteries is projected to grow dramatically in the next decade due to electrification of the transportation market. Such demands are straining Li-ion supply chains for critical materials including lithium, nickel, and cobalt. Price instability, environment toxicity, and limits in the absolute supply lead to great concern for the continued use of cobalt. Similar to cobalt, the required grade of nickel for batteries, known as Class 1 nickel, has also been declining due to geological scarcity and low incentive prices. Herein, this review summarizes alternative cathode chemistries with no cobalt and reduced nickel content for high-energy Li-ion batteries targeting sustainable growth in the electric vehicle market. Further, the primary challenges associated with each material system are generally classified as being related to four common categories: (1) ion instability during charging, (2) poor electronic conductivity, (3) poor ionic conductivity, and (4) poor thermal stability.
ISSN:2468-6069
2468-6069