New setup for in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy from ultrahigh vacuum to 1 mbar

In an effort to extend the pressure range for electron-based spectroscopies from ultrahigh vacuum into the so-called pressure gap region, we have built a new apparatus for in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy up to 1 mbar . The principle of the experimental setup is based on a modified hemispher...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Review of scientific instruments 2005-01, Vol.76 (1), p.014102-014102-9
Main Authors: Pantförder, J., Pöllmann, S., Zhu, J. F., Borgmann, D., Denecke, R., Steinrück, H.-P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADSORPTION
ANODES
ATTENUATION
BINDING ENERGY
CARBON MONOXIDE
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
ELECTRON DETECTION
ELECTRONS
PALLADIUM
PHOTOEMISSION
PRESSURE DEPENDENCE
PRESSURE RANGE
SUBSTRATES
WORK FUNCTIONS
X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
X-RAY SOURCES
X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY
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Summary:In an effort to extend the pressure range for electron-based spectroscopies from ultrahigh vacuum into the so-called pressure gap region, we have built a new apparatus for in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy up to 1 mbar . The principle of the experimental setup is based on a modified hemispherical electron energy analyzer, a modified twin anode x-ray source, and several differential-pumping stages between sample region and electron detection. The reaction gas is provided in situ either by background dosing or, as a new feature, by beam dosing, using a directed gas beam from a small tube. The latter allows for higher local pressures. The performance of the new setup is discussed, deriving normalization procedures from the analysis of the attenuation of the substrate photoemission intensity by the increasing gas phase pressure. In addition, the change of the work function due to changes in surface composition can be evaluated in situ by analyzing the binding energy shift of the gas phase core-level peaks. As a first study, measurements for the pressure dependence of CO adsorption on Pd(111) between 5 × 10 − 8 and 1 mbar are presented.
ISSN:0034-6748
1089-7623
DOI:10.1063/1.1824351