CYP2S1: A short review

• Published in: Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2005-09, Vol.207 (2), p.62-69
• Main Authors: Saarikoski, Sirkku T., Rivera, Steven P., Hankinson, Oliver, Husgafvel-Pursiainen, Kirsti
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; Animals; BORON PHOSPHIDES; CAPILLARIES; Carcinogens - toxicity; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; COAL TAR; CYP2S1; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism; Cytochrome P450; DIOXIN; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENES; Humans; METABOLISM; MICE; NAPHTHALENE; NUCLEOTIDES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; Polycyclic Compounds - toxicity; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PUBLIC HEALTH; RECEPTORS; RETINOIC ACID; SKIN; SUBSTRATES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; URINARY TRACT; Xenobiotic metabolism; XENOBIOTICS; Xenobiotics - toxicity
• ISSN: 0041-008X; 1096-0333
• DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.12.027

A new member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, CYP2S1, has recently been identified in human and mouse. In this paper, we review the data currently available for CYP2S1. The human CYP2S1 gene is located in chromosome 19q13.2 within a cluster including CYP2 family members CYP2A6, CYP2A13, CYP2B6, and CYP2F1. These genes also show the highest homology to the human CYP2S1. The gene has recently been found to harbor genetic polymorphism. CYP2S1 is inducible by dioxin, the induction being mediated by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) and Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator (ARNT) in a manner typical for CYP1 family members. In line with this, CYP2S1 has been shown to be inducible by coal tar, an abundant source of PAHs, and it was recently reported to metabolize naphthalene. This points to the involvement of CYP2S1 in the metabolism of toxic and carcinogenic compounds, similar to other dioxin-inducible CYPs. CYP2S1 is expressed in epithelial cells of a wide variety of extrahepatic tissues. The highest expression levels have been observed in the epithelial tissues frequently exposed to xenobiotics, e.g., the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts, and in the skin. The observed ubiquitous tissue distribution, as well as the expression of CYP2S1 throughout embryogenesis suggest that CYP2S1 is likely to metabolize important endogenous substrates; thus far, retinoic acid has been identified. In conclusion, CYP2S1 exhibits many features of interest for human health and thus warrants further investigation.