Generation, storage, collection and transportation of municipal solid waste – A case study in the city of Kathmandu, capital of Nepal

• Published in: Waste management (Elmsford) 2008-01, Vol.28 (6), p.1088-1097
• Main Authors: Alam, R., Chowdhury, M.A.I., Hasan, G.M.J., Karanjit, B., Shrestha, L.R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Cities; Continental surface waters; Exact sciences and technology; General treatment and storage processes; HOUSEHOLDS; INVESTMENT; MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; Natural water pollution; Nepal; NONRADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT; Other wastes and particular components of wastes; Pollution; Refuse Disposal - methods; RIVERS; SOLID WASTES; Transportation; TRUCKS; Urban and domestic wastes; URBAN AREAS; Waste Management - methods; Wastes; Water treatment and pollution
• ISSN: 0956-053X; 1879-2456
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.024

Solid waste management (SWM) services have consistently failed to keep up with the vast amount of solid waste produced in urban areas. There is not currently an efficient system in place for the management, storage, collection, and transportation of solid waste. Kathmandu City, an important urban center of South Asia, is no exception. In Kathmandu Metropolitan City, solid waste generation is predicted to be 1091m3/d (245tons/day) and 1155m3/d (260tons/day) for the years 2005 and 2006, respectively. The majority (89%) of households in Kathmandu Metropolitan City are willing to segregate the organic and non-organic portions of their waste. Overall collection efficiency was 94% in 2003. An increase in waste collection occurred due to private sector involvement, the shutdown of the second transfer station near the airport due to local protest, a lack of funding to maintain trucks/equipment, a huge increase in plastic waste, and the willingness of people to separate their waste into separate bins. Despite a substantial increase in total expenditure, no additional investments were made to the existing development plan to introduce a modern disposal system due to insufficient funding. Due to the lack of a proper lining, raw solid waste from the existing dumping site comes in contact with river water directly, causing severe river contamination and deteriorating the quality of the water.