Flow conditions of fresh mortar and concrete in different pipes

• Published in: Cement and concrete research 2009-11, Vol.39 (11), p.997-1006
• Main Authors: Jacobsen, Stefan, Haugan, Lars, Hammer, Tor Arne, Kalogiannidis, Evangelos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ALLOYS; Applied sciences; BUILDING MATERIALS; Buildings. Public works; CARBON ADDITIONS; CONCRETES; Concretes. Mortars. Grouts; CROSS SECTIONS; ELASTOMERS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; Exact sciences and technology; FLOW RATE; Fresh concrete; IRON ALLOYS; IRON BASE ALLOYS; MATERIALS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; MICROSCOPY; MORTARS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC POLYMERS; PIPES; Piping; POLYMERS; Properties and performance of fresh concrete; Pumping; RHEOLOGY; RUBBERS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; STEELS; TRANSITION ELEMENT ALLOYS; TUBES; Water supply. Pipings. Water treatment; Workability
• ISSN: 0008-8846; 1873-3948
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.07.005

The variation in fresh concrete flow rate over the pipe cross section was investigated on differently coloured and highly flowable concrete mixes flowing through pipes of different materials (rubber, steel, acryl). First, uncoloured (gray) concrete was poured through the pipe and the pipe blocked. Similar but coloured (black) concrete was then poured into the pipe filled with gray concrete, flowing after the gray concrete for a while before being blocked and hardened. The advance of the colouring along the pipe wall (showing boundary flow rate) was observed on the moulded concrete surface appearing after removing the pipe from the hardened concrete. The shapes of the interfaces between uncoloured and coloured concrete (showing variation of flow rate over the pipe cross section) were observed on sawn surfaces of concrete half cylinders cut along the length axes of the concrete-filled pipe. Flow profiles over the pipe cross section were clearly seen with maximum flow rates near the centre of the pipe and low flow rate at the pipe wall (typically rubber pipe with reference concrete without silica fume and/or stabilizers). More plug-shaped profiles, with long slip layers and less variation of flow rate over the cross section, were also seen (typically in smooth acrylic pipes). Flow rate, amount of concrete sticking to the wall after flow and SEM-images of pipe surface roughness were observed, illustrating the problem of testing full scale pumping.