Colloquium : The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox: From concepts to applications

This Colloquium examines the field of the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) gedanken experiment, from the original paper of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, through to modern theoretical proposals of how to realize both the continuous-variable and discrete versions of the EPR paradox. The relationsh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Reviews of modern physics 2009-12, Vol.81 (4), p.1727-1751
Main Authors: Reid, M. D., Drummond, P. D., Bowen, W. P., Cavalcanti, E. G., Lam, P. K., Bachor, H. A., Andersen, U. L., Leuchs, G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
BELL THEOREM
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
DISTRIBUTION
ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE
LASER RADIATION
OPTICAL FIBERS
PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIERS
PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
QUADRATURES
QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY
QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
QUANTUM TELEPORTATION
SOLITONS
SPIN
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Summary:This Colloquium examines the field of the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) gedanken experiment, from the original paper of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, through to modern theoretical proposals of how to realize both the continuous-variable and discrete versions of the EPR paradox. The relationship with entanglement and Bell's theorem are analyzed, and the progress to date towards experimental confirmation of the EPR paradox is summarized, with a detailed treatment of the continuous-variable paradox in laser-based experiments. Practical techniques covered include continuous-wave parametric amplifier and optical fiber quantum soliton experiments. Current proposals for extending EPR experiments to massive-particle systems are discussed, including spin squeezing, atomic position entanglement, and quadrature entanglement in ultracold atoms. Finally, applications of this technology to quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, and entanglement swapping are examined.
ISSN:0034-6861
1539-0756
DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1727