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Blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the Korean population: Results from the Second Korean National Human Exposure and Bio-monitoring Examination

In Korea, there have been a number of efforts to measure levels of exposure to environmental pollutants among the population. This paper focuses on investigating the distribution of, extent of, and factors influencing the blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the Korean population, working f...

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Published in:Environmental research 2009-08, Vol.109 (6), p.738-744
Main Authors: Son, Ji-Young, Lee, Jinheon, Paek, Domyung, Lee, Jong-Tae
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description In Korea, there have been a number of efforts to measure levels of exposure to environmental pollutants among the population. This paper focuses on investigating the distribution of, extent of, and factors influencing the blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the Korean population, working from data obtained from the Second Korean National Human Exposure and Bio-monitoring Examination. To that end, blood metal concentrations were analyzed from a total of 2369 participants who were 18 years of age and older. The geometric mean concentrations and their 95% confidence intervals of metals in blood were found to be lead, 1.72 μg/dL (95% CI, 1.68–1.76); cadmium, 1.02 μg/L (95% CI, 1.00–1.05); and mercury, 3.80 μg/L (95% CI, 3.66–3.93). Regression analyses indicate that the levels of metals in the blood are mainly influenced by gender, age, and the education levels of the participants. Current smoking status is also found to be a significant factor for increasing both lead and cadmium levels. Although our study, as the first nationwide survey of exposure to environmental pollutants in Korea, has value on its own, it should be expanded and extended in order to provide information on environmental exposure pathways and to watch for changes in the level of exposure to environmental pollutants among the population.
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This paper focuses on investigating the distribution of, extent of, and factors influencing the blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the Korean population, working from data obtained from the Second Korean National Human Exposure and Bio-monitoring Examination. To that end, blood metal concentrations were analyzed from a total of 2369 participants who were 18 years of age and older. The geometric mean concentrations and their 95% confidence intervals of metals in blood were found to be lead, 1.72 μg/dL (95% CI, 1.68–1.76); cadmium, 1.02 μg/L (95% CI, 1.00–1.05); and mercury, 3.80 μg/L (95% CI, 3.66–3.93). Regression analyses indicate that the levels of metals in the blood are mainly influenced by gender, age, and the education levels of the participants. Current smoking status is also found to be a significant factor for increasing both lead and cadmium levels. 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This paper focuses on investigating the distribution of, extent of, and factors influencing the blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the Korean population, working from data obtained from the Second Korean National Human Exposure and Bio-monitoring Examination. To that end, blood metal concentrations were analyzed from a total of 2369 participants who were 18 years of age and older. The geometric mean concentrations and their 95% confidence intervals of metals in blood were found to be lead, 1.72 μg/dL (95% CI, 1.68–1.76); cadmium, 1.02 μg/L (95% CI, 1.00–1.05); and mercury, 3.80 μg/L (95% CI, 3.66–3.93). Regression analyses indicate that the levels of metals in the blood are mainly influenced by gender, age, and the education levels of the participants. Current smoking status is also found to be a significant factor for increasing both lead and cadmium levels. Although our study, as the first nationwide survey of exposure to environmental pollutants in Korea, has value on its own, it should be expanded and extended in order to provide information on environmental exposure pathways and to watch for changes in the level of exposure to environmental pollutants among the population.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>19555934</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envres.2009.03.012</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
Adolescent
Adult
Age
Aged
Biological and medical sciences
BLOOD
CADMIUM
Cadmium - blood
Carbon monoxide
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
CONCENTRATION RATIO
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Environmental Pollutants - blood
Female
Human
Humans
Korea
Korean National Human Exposure and Bio-monitoring Examination
LEAD
Lead - blood
Male
MARINE SURVEYS
Medical sciences
MERCURY
Mercury - blood
Metals and various inorganic compounds
Middle Aged
POLLUTANTS
PUBLIC OPINION
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Toxicology
Young Adult
title Blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the Korean population: Results from the Second Korean National Human Exposure and Bio-monitoring Examination
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