Kinetics of monolayer graphene growth by segregation on Pd(111)

Using in situ low-energy electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we follow the growth of monolayer graphene on Pd(111) via surface segregation of bulk-dissolved carbon. Upon lowering the substrate temperature, nucleation of graphene begins on graphene-free Pd surface and cont...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied physics letters 2014-03, Vol.104 (10)
Main Authors: Mok, H. S., Ebnonnasir, A., Murata, Y., Nie, S., McCarty, K. F., Ciobanu, C. V., Kodambaka, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adatoms
Applied physics
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
CRYSTAL GROWTH
DENSITY FUNCTIONAL METHOD
Density functional theory
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
GRAPHENE
GRAPHITE
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Monolayers
Nucleation
PALLADIUM 111
SEGREGATION
Substrates
SURFACES
WORK FUNCTIONS
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Summary:Using in situ low-energy electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we follow the growth of monolayer graphene on Pd(111) via surface segregation of bulk-dissolved carbon. Upon lowering the substrate temperature, nucleation of graphene begins on graphene-free Pd surface and continues to occur during graphene growth. Measurements of graphene growth rates and Pd surface work functions establish that this continued nucleation is due to increasing C adatom concentration on the Pd surface with time. We attribute this anomalous phenomenon to a large barrier for attachment of C adatoms to graphene coupled with a strong binding of the non-graphitic C to the Pd surface.
ISSN:0003-6951
1077-3118
DOI:10.1063/1.4868386