Control of waveguide properties by tuning femtosecond laser induced compositional changes

Local compositional changes induced by high repetition rate fs-laser irradiation can be used to produce high performance optical waveguides in phosphate-based glasses. The waveguide refractive index contrast is determined by the local concentration of La, which can be changed by the action of the wr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied physics letters 2014-09, Vol.105 (13)
Main Authors: del Hoyo, Jesús, Vazquez, Rebeca Martinez, Sotillo, Belén, Fernandez, Toney Teddy, Siegel, Jan, Fernández, Paloma, Osellame, Roberto, Solis, Javier
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
APERTURES
Applied physics
CONCENTRATION RATIO
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
CORRELATIONS
CROSS SECTIONS
Femtosecond pulses
GLASS
Integrated optics
LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS
LASER RADIATION
Lasers
MICROANALYSIS
MODIFICATIONS
Numerical aperture
Optical waveguides
OPTICS
PHOSPHATES
Process parameters
PULSES
REFRACTIVE INDEX
Refractivity
WAVEGUIDES
X RADIATION
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Summary:Local compositional changes induced by high repetition rate fs-laser irradiation can be used to produce high performance optical waveguides in phosphate-based glasses. The waveguide refractive index contrast is determined by the local concentration of La, which can be changed by the action of the writing laser pulses. In this work, we have investigated the degree of control that can be exerted using this waveguide writing mechanism over the cross-section of the guiding region, and the local refractive index and compositional changes induced. These variables can be smoothly controlled via processing parameters using the slit shaping technique with moderate Numerical Aperture (NA 0.68) writing optics. The combined use of X-ray microanalysis and near field refractive index profilometry evidences a neat linear correlation between local La content and refractive index increase over a broad Δn interval (>3 × 10−2). This result further confirms the feasibility of generating efficient, integrated optics elements via spatially selective modification of the glass composition.
ISSN:0003-6951
1077-3118
DOI:10.1063/1.4896846