PLANETARY EMBRYO BOW SHOCKS AS A MECHANISM FOR CHONDRULE FORMATION

ABSTRACT We use radiation hydrodynamics with direct particle integration to explore the feasibility of chondrule formation in planetary embryo bow shocks. The calculations presented here are used to explore the consequences of a Mars-size planetary embryo traveling on a moderately excited orbit thro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Astrophysical journal 2016-02, Vol.818 (2), p.103
Main Authors: Mann, Christopher R., Boley, Aaron C., Morris, Melissa A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adiabatic flow
ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY
Atmospheres
Chondrule
COOLING
Cooling rate
COSMIC DUST
Embryos
Formations
HYDRODYNAMICS
LIMITING VALUES
MARS PLANET
MASS
methods: numerical
MORPHOLOGY
NEBULAE
OPACITY
ORBITS
Planet formation
planet-disk interactions
PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES
protoplanetary disks
PROTOPLANETS
RADIANT HEAT TRANSFER
radiative transfer
SHOCK WAVES
SOLAR SYSTEM
VELOCITY
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Summary:ABSTRACT We use radiation hydrodynamics with direct particle integration to explore the feasibility of chondrule formation in planetary embryo bow shocks. The calculations presented here are used to explore the consequences of a Mars-size planetary embryo traveling on a moderately excited orbit through the dusty, early environment of the solar system. The embryo's eccentric orbit produces a range of supersonic relative velocities between the embryo and the circularly orbiting gas and dust, prompting the formation of bow shocks. Temporary atmospheres around these embryos, which can be created via volatile outgassing and gas capture from the surrounding nebula, can non-trivially affect thermal profiles of solids entering the shock. We explore the thermal environment of solids that traverse the bow shock at different impact radii, the effects that planetoid atmospheres have on shock morphologies, and the stripping efficiency of planetoidal atmospheres in the presence of high relative winds. Simulations are run using adiabatic and radiative conditions, with multiple treatments for the local opacities. Shock speeds of 5, 6, and 7 km s−1 are explored. We find that a high-mass atmosphere and inefficient radiative conditions can produce peak temperatures and cooling rates that are consistent with the constraints set by chondrule furnace studies. For most conditions, the derived cooling rates are potentially too high to be consistent with chondrule formation.
ISSN:0004-637X
1538-4357
DOI:10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/103