Pushing the limits of the periodic table — A review on atomic relativistic electronic structure theory and calculations for the superheavy elements

We review the progress in atomic structure theory with a focus on superheavy elements and their predicted ground state configurations important for an element’s placement in the periodic table. To understand the electronic structure and correlations in the regime of large atomic numbers, it is essen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physics reports 2023-09, Vol.1035, p.1-57
Main Authors: Smits, O.R., Indelicato, P., Nazarewicz, W., Piibeleht, M., Schwerdtfeger, P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atomic Physics
Atomic structure theory
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
Dirac equation
Gamow states
Physics
Quantum electrodynamics
Superheavy elements
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Summary:We review the progress in atomic structure theory with a focus on superheavy elements and their predicted ground state configurations important for an element’s placement in the periodic table. To understand the electronic structure and correlations in the regime of large atomic numbers, it is essential to correctly solve the Dirac equation in strong Coulomb fields, and to take into account quantum electrodynamic effects. We specifically focus on the fundamental difficulties encountered when dealing with the many-particle Dirac equation. We further discuss the possibility for future many-electron atomic structure calculations going beyond the critical nuclear charge Zcrit≈170, where levels such as the 1s shell dive into the negative energy continuum (Enκ
ISSN:0370-1573
1873-6270
DOI:10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.004