Microbial abundances and carbon use under ambient temperature or experimental warming in a southern boreal peatland

• Published in: Biogeochemistry 2024-05, Vol.167 (5), p.631-650
• Main Authors: Felice, Mark, Blake, Cameron M., Sebestyen, Stephen, Gutknecht, Jessica L. M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abundance; Ambient temperature; Anaerobic bacteria; Bacteria; Biogeosciences; Biomarkers; Bogs; Boreal ecosystems; Bulk density; Carbon; Carbon 13; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Community structure; Depth; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Ecosystems; Environmental Chemistry; Global climate; Indicators; Lag time; Life Sciences; Lipids; Microbial activity; Microbiomes; Microorganisms; Moisture content; Organic soils; Peat; Peat soils; Peatlands; Primary production; Relative abundance; Soil; Soil temperature; Soil water; Soil water storage; Statistical analysis; Temperature; Temperature effects; Water content
• ISSN: 1573-515X; 0168-2563; 1573-515X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01129-z

Organic peat soils occupy relatively little of the global land surface area but store vast amounts of soil carbon in northern latitudes where climate is warming at a rapid pace. Warming may result in strong positive feedbacks of carbon loss and global climate change driven by microbial processes if warming alters the balance between primary productivity and decomposition. To elucidate effects of warming on the microbial communities mediating peat carbon dynamics, we explored the abundance of broad microbial groups and their source of carbon (i.e. old carbon versus more recently fixed photosynthate) using microbial lipid analysis (δ 13 C PLFA) of peat samples under ambient temperatures and before/after initiation of experimental peat warming (+ 2.25, + 4.5, + 6.75, and + 9 °C). This analysis occurred over a profile to 2 m depth in an undrained, ombrotrophic peat bog in northern Minnesota. We found that the total microbial biomass and individual indicator lipid abundances were stratified by depth and strongly correlated to temperature under ambient conditions. However, under experimental warming, statistically significant effects of temperature on the microbial community were sporadic and inconsistent. For example, 3 months after experimental warming the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacterial indicators across depth combined and > 50 cm depth and Gram-positive bacterial indicators at 20–50 cm depth showed significant positive relationships to temperature. At that same timepoint, however, the relative abundance of Actinobacterial indicators across depth showed a significant negative relationship to temperature. After 10 months of experimental warming, the relative abundance of fungal biomarkers was positively related to temperature in all depths combined, and the absolute abundance of anaerobic bacteria declined with increasing temperature in the 20–50 cm depth interval. The lack of observed response in the broader microbial community may suggest that at least initially, microbial community structure with peat depth in these peatlands is driven more by bulk density and soil water content than temperature. Alternatively, the lack of broad microbial community response may simply represent a lag period, with more change to come in the future. The long-term trajectory of microbial response to warming in this ecosystem then could either be direct, after this initial lag time, or indirect through other physical or biogeochemical changes in the peat profile.