Simultaneous creation of a large vapor plume and pumice raft by the 2021 Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba shallow submarine eruption

The 12 August 2021 eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, a shallow submarine volcano in the Izu-Bonin arc of Japan, is one of few documented submarine eruptions to make a large aerial plume and floating pumice raft. Relative to past eruptions, this event was well-covered by multiple high resolution satell...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Earth and planetary science letters 2023-05, Vol.609, p.118076, Article 118076
Main Authors: Fauria, Kristen E., Jutzeler, Martin, Mittal, Tushar, Gupta, Ashok Kumar, Kelly, Liam J., Rausch, John, Bennartz, Ralf, Delbridge, Brent, Retailleau, Lise
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
explosive eruption
GEOSCIENCES
Himawari-8
satellite remote sensing
Sciences of the Universe
volcanoclastic
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Summary:The 12 August 2021 eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, a shallow submarine volcano in the Izu-Bonin arc of Japan, is one of few documented submarine eruptions to make a large aerial plume and floating pumice raft. Relative to past eruptions, this event was well-covered by multiple high resolution satellite remote sensors, raising the possibility of resolving important questions about the timing of raft and plume formation, and their relationship. Here we use satellite remote sensing to assess the eruption timeline, style, rates, and products. We use the Himawari-8 satellite to assess the plume volume flux and height through time. In addition, we use a combination of ultra-high resolution satellite imagery to assess the timing and mechanisms of raft formation. We find that the 16 km eruption plume was ice-rich and conclude that the 0.1 km3 raft and eruption plume were co-genetic. Finally, we suggest that pumice clasts were delivered to the raft by tephra jets, ballistics, and near-vent fallout from the plume. Together our observations reveal that the fallout of pumice lapilli from a water-rich eruption column generated a large pumice raft. •A 0.1 km3 pumice raft and 16 km volcanic plume formed at the same time.•Tephra jets, ballistics, and near-vent clast fallout fed the raft.•Decoupling of clasts from the plume resulted in a water-rich and lapilli-poor plume.•Ultra-high resolution imagery reveal fine-scale features in the pumice raft.
ISSN:0012-821X
1385-013X
DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118076