Synthesis and characterization of biobased copolyesters based on pentanediol: (2) Poly(pentylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)

• Published in: Polymer engineering and science 2024-10, Vol.64 (10), p.4746-4759
• Main Authors: Aboukeila, Hesham, Singh, Onkar, Klier, John, Huber, George W., Grady, Brian P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipic acid; Blowing rate; Butylene; Crystallinity; Crystallization; dodecanedioic diacid; Enthalpy; Esterification; Food packaging; furandicarboxylic acid; Glycerin; Glycerol; Hexanes; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Low density polyethylenes; Mechanical properties; Melt temperature; Melting; Modulus of elasticity; Molecular weight; pentanediol; polyesters; Polyethylene; Rheological properties; Rheology; Shear viscosity; Terephthalate; Terephthalic acid; Thermal stability; Viscosity
• ISSN: 0032-3888; 1548-2634
• DOI: 10.1002/pen.26878

Traditionally, most flexible food packaging is made of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) which cannot easily be recycled, nor will it degrade in a reasonable timescale. In this work, a biobased biodegradable polyester alternative was investigated as a possible replacement for LLDPE. High molecular weight poly (pentylene adipate-co-terephthalate) with a 40/60 adipic acid/terephthalic acid mole ratio was synthesized using direct esterification and polycondensation. Glycerol and hexane-1,2,5,6-tetrol were added as branching agents to better match the structure of the LLDPE which in turn might help the ability of these materials in film-blowing. Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the copolyesters were thoroughly investigated. All copolyesters had a weight-average molecular weight of over 140,000 g/mol, which is necessary for proper rheology, and were thermally stable up to 350[degrees] C. The addition of branching agents led to a slight decrease in crystallinity, d-spacing, melting temperature, enthalpy of melting, stress at break, and elongation at break. However, an increase in Young's modulus and complex viscosity at high frequency were observed compared to PPeAT60 without branching agent added. Although the improved crystallinity and mechanical properties of the copolyesters made them viable for film-blowing, the slow crystallization rate creates a major challenge.