Intelligent Control of Thermal Energy Storage in the Manufacturing Sector for Plant-Level Grid Response

• Published in: Processes 2023-07, Vol.11 (7), p.2202
• Main Authors: Bahr, Mohamed T., Immonen, Jake, Billings, Blake W., Powell, Kody M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; Case studies; Control systems; Controllers; Cooling; Demand; Demand side management; Discharge; Economic incentives; Electric rates; Energy audits; Energy consumption; Energy industry; ENERGY STORAGE; Engineering; Force and energy; Heat storage; Incentives; Innovations; load shifting; Manufacturing; Manufacturing industry; Optimization; Peak load; Power consumption; Renewable resources; Schedules; scheduling; smart controller; Storage tanks; Thermal energy; thermal energy storage
• ISSN: 2227-9717; 2227-9717
• DOI: 10.3390/pr11072202

Industrial facilities are seeking new strategies that help in providing savings mechanisms for demand charges. Demand charges are the charges incurred by industrial facilities as a result of power usage. Thermal energy storage has advanced significantly with lots of new applications, garnering the interest of many industrial facilities. These applications could be used to shave the industrial facilities’ peak electric demand and reduce their demand charges. This paper aims to demonstrate the efficacy of thermal energy storage in reducing demand charges and highlight new developments in the integration of smart control systems with thermal energy storage. The study compares energy consumption and peak demand for a facility equipped with and without thermal energy storage tanks using a fixed schedule for charging and discharging. Additionally, the paper examines the impact of incorporating a smart controller to determine when to charge and discharge the tank based on the facility’s real-time power usage and a given setpoint. The results indicate cost savings from the use of thermal energy storage tanks under two proposed scenarios, reflected in the reduced cost of power consumption for the studied facility. The incorporation of a smart controller with the thermal energy storage tank in the facility studied could provide estimated savings of 3.3% per year of power consumption charges, without considering the contribution of any incentives. The estimated savings provided by the fixed schedule scenario are 2.7% per year.