Design of the Superconducting AC and DC Distribution for the ASCEND Demonstrator at Airbus

• Published in: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity 2023-08, Vol.33 (5), p.1-6
• Main Authors: Nilsson, E., Rivenc, J., Rouquette, J.F., Tassisto, M., Fallouh, C., Ybanez, L., Delarche, A., Berg, F., Donges, S. A., Weiss, J., Radcliff, K., van der Laan, D.C., Otten, S., Dhalle, M., ten Kate, H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AC loss; Aircraft propulsion; Alternating current; Cables; Conduction cooling; Cooling; cryogenics; Current distribution; DC distribution systems; Direct current; electric aircraft; Electric motors; Electric propulsion; Engineering; Fly by wire control; Heating systems; High temperature; High-temperature superconductors; Joining processes; Liquid nitrogen; Low voltage; Physics; Power cables; Powertrain; resistive superconducting fault current limiters; Room temperature; Superconducting cables; Superconductivity
• ISSN: 1051-8223; 1558-2515
• DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2023.3247990

The ground-based Advanced Superconducting and Cryogenic Experimental power train Demonstrator (ASCEND) at Airbus intends to demonstrate the potential and feasibility of a cryogenic and superconducting powertrain as a breakthrough electric propulsion solution on future electric aircraft. A direct current distribution network is used in a propulsion chain to transfer 500 kW of power from the source to an electrical converter, which transforms the power into an alternating voltage/current to drive a superconducting motor. The working point of 1,700 A and 300 V is chosen for safety and installation reasons by operating at relatively low voltage. The direct current (DC) bus of ASCEND will be formed by a pair of high-temperature superconducting CORC cables inserted into a 10-meter-long narrow cryostat, resulting in a compact and lightweight solution. The 2-meter-long alternating current (AC) bus between the inverter and the electric motor is formed by a three-phase CORC cable. The challenge associated with 500 Hz operation in which a balance between AC loss in the cable and the size and mass of the system needs to be found, will be outlined. The AC and DC buses include several devices that connect the liquid nitrogen cooled power cables with the other system components that, in the case of the room temperature generator, operate at significantly higher temperatures. These devices thus include conduction-cooled current leads that are dimensioned to minimize the heat inleak from the warm to the cold environment. An overview of the design of the AC and DC buses and connecting devices will be provided and some of the design and operational challenges will be outlined.